• Welcome to grade 4
    • Agnes. G. Hodge
    • Our Classroom Community >
      • Messages from Miss Davies
      • A QUALITY Learning Environment >
        • Messages on Learning
        • Classroom Routines >
          • Lunchroom Expectations
          • Classroom Chaos
          • Classroom Nonnegotiables
        • Silence in the Classroom
      • 5 Day Schedule and Important Dates >
        • Dancing on Wednesdays
        • Day 1
        • Day 2
        • Day 3
        • Day 4
        • Day 5
      • Student Resources >
        • Graphic Organizers
      • Acts of Community >
        • Declan Cardin-Thompson
      • Wisdom from the Peacemaker
      • Special Days/Events >
        • Winter Wonderland
        • Child Abuse Month
        • Chinese New Year
        • Day of the Dead
        • Earth Day >
          • Earthy Creations
        • Easter
        • Halloween
        • Indigenous Day
        • International Day of Peace >
          • Peace Symbols
          • Peace Quotes
          • Peace Keepers
          • Peace Songs
        • Remembrance Day >
          • Indigenous Veterans Day
          • Pittance of Time Study
        • St. Patrick's Day
        • Thanksgiving
        • Valentine's Day
        • Women's History Month in Canada
        • World Down Syndrome Day
      • SWOT Problem solving
      • Leader of the Pack >
        • Learning Skills and Report Cards
        • Siberian Husky
        • Goal Setting
        • Compassion >
          • Gift of the Magi
        • Perserverance >
          • Perseverance Assembly
        • Responsibility >
          • Responsibility Assembly
        • Fairness
        • Sportsmanship
        • Trustworthiness >
          • Classroom Website Permission Form
        • Self Control
      • Learning Buddies
    • Paying It Forward >
      • Clothesline >
        • Integrated Lessons >
          • Math
        • Carson >
          • Toronto Blue Jays
          • What Carson Means to Us...
        • Diabetes
      • Food Banks
      • Good Shepherd of Hamilton
      • Kuamini >
        • Kenya
      • Mission Services
      • Salvation Army
      • A Million Possibilities: Solo Ocean Row 2017
      • Breakfast Program
      • Friendship House
    • Teacher Resources >
      • Teaching Math
    • Brantford: our home city >
      • Brantford Services >
        • Brantford Public Library
        • Brant Family and Children's Services >
          • Brant Family and Children's Services >
            • Child Abuse Prevention
        • New Page
        • Boys and Girls Club
  • Parent/Guardian Corner
    • Welcome Parents/Guardians
    • Grand Erie Board of Education >
      • Board Calendar
      • Building Better Schools
      • Multi Year Plan
    • EQAO >
      • EQAO Key Words
    • Questioning >
      • Q Tasks
    • School Events >
      • Arcade Day
      • Art Night
      • Fun Fair 2019
      • Media Spotlight
    • Parent Resources and Internet Sites
    • Field Trips >
      • Fall Fairs
      • Woodland Cultural Centre
  • Student Well-being
    • 7 Habits of Happy Kids
    • Bullying >
      • Don't Laugh at Me
      • Say Something
      • Pink Shirt Day
      • Devan Selvey: a tribute
    • Cherishable Moments
    • Desiderata
    • Growth Mindset >
      • Positive People to Learn From >
        • Reggie Bibbs
        • Lizzie Valesquez
        • Nick Vujicic
      • In the Classroom >
        • Mindset of a Master - YODA
        • Mindfulness and Mindful Moments
        • Power of Yet >
          • Class Dojo
      • Fruit of the Spirit
      • Gratitude
      • Positive Mental Attitude
      • power of Self Talk
      • Self Esteem
      • The Four Agreements
    • Hands-0n Club
    • Inspirational Quotes
    • Introversion and Extroversion
    • Learning Exceptionalities >
      • Accessibility for All
      • Autism >
        • Asperger Syndrome
      • Ignorance The "R" word
    • Training the brain to listen
    • Mental Health >
      • Be Well
      • Human Connection
    • Multiple Intelligences
    • Random Acts of Kindness
    • Relaxation >
      • Zentangle
      • Yoga
    • Self Regulation >
      • Choice or Reality Therapy
      • Incredible 5 Point Scale
      • Junior Kelso
      • Leaky Brakes Toolbox
      • Master of Mindfulness >
        • Mindfulness
      • Mind Up >
        • Mind Up Music in the Morning
        • The Brain
      • Social Thinking
      • Temper Tamer
      • Zones of Regulation
    • Sharing Circles
    • Value of Making Mistakes
    • Values.com
    • Wabi Sabi >
      • Mark Reibstein
  • Language Arts
    • Weekly Spelling Words >
      • Antonym, homonym, synonym >
        • Antonym
        • Homonyms
        • Synonyms
      • Daily Spelling Routine and Activities
      • Spelling Strategies
    • Parts of Speech >
      • Nouns >
        • Pronouns
        • New Page
        • Adjectives
      • Verbs >
        • Adverbs
    • Word Wonders >
      • Grammar
      • Punctuation
      • Word Pairs
    • Writing >
      • APE Strategy >
        • APE Strategy
      • Cursive Writing
      • Question Prompts
      • Literary Devices >
        • Idioms
      • Writing Organizers >
        • Systems Map
        • New Page
      • Writing Genres >
        • Informational Writing >
          • Biography
          • Mike on a BIke
        • Instructional Writing
        • Narrative >
          • Character Traits
        • Persuasive Writing
        • Writing Topics
    • Reading >
      • Authors >
        • Byrd Baylor
        • Michael Ian Black >
          • I'm Sad
          • I'm Bored
          • I'm Worried
        • Trudy Ludwig >
          • Trudy Ludwig
        • Jon J. Muth >
          • The Three Questions
        • Kathryn Otoshi >
          • Beautiful Hands
        • Margie Palatini >
          • Witch Trilogy
        • Patricia Polacco >
          • Thank you Mr. Falker
          • Junkyard Wonders
        • Peter H. Reynolds
        • Dr. Seuss >
          • The Lorax
        • The Man With a Violin
        • Wait! No Paint!
        • Kathy-Jo Wargin >
          • Legend of the Loon
          • Legend of the Petoskey Stone
          • Legend of teh Lady's Slipper
      • Canadian Authors >
        • Eric Walters
        • David Bouchard Novel Study
        • Alan Bradley
        • Mary M. Cushnie-Mansour >
          • Jesse's Secret
      • Reading Genres >
        • Folktales >
          • Fairy Tales >
            • Little Engine That Could
            • Princess and the Pea
            • Rumpelstilskin
        • Myths and Legends >
          • Myths >
            • Loch Ness
          • Legends
    • Language Arts and Music
    • Media Studies >
      • Addams Family
  • Integrated Units
    • Charlotte's Web Novel Study >
      • The Escape
      • New Page
    • I Am Enough
    • I'm Trying to Love Math
    • Jimmy and Ryan >
      • Importance on Wells
    • Miraculous Journey of Edvard Tulane
    • Mo Willem's Piggie and Elephant series >
      • Piggie and Gerald Welcome
    • Phantom Tollbooth
    • Shark Lady
    • Silverwing
    • Sir Cumference Series
    • Sunflower House
    • Teddy the war bear
    • We are Growing
    • Wonder
    • Inside Out
  • Social Studies
    • Black History Month >
      • Underground Railroad >
        • Henry Box Brown
        • Quilts
        • Harriet Tubman
        • The Birdman
        • January's Sparrow
        • Slavery in the 1800's
      • Martin Luther King Jr.
      • Jackie Robinson
      • Black Women in Canada >
        • Viola Desmond
      • Black Women in the the World >
        • Rosa Parks
        • Ruby Bridges
    • Canada >
      • Heritage Minutes
      • Landform Regions
      • Provinces >
        • Alberta >
          • Calgary >
            • Airdrie
        • British Columbia
        • Ontario
        • Prince Edward Island
      • Oh Canada
      • Symbols of Canada
      • Urban and Rural Canada >
        • New Page
      • Canadian History >
        • Canada 150 years >
          • Mapping
        • A People's History
        • Canada 1780 >
          • Pioneers >
            • Pier 21
      • Government of Canada >
        • Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
        • Governor General
        • Prime Minister Justin Trudeau >
          • Prime Ministers of Canada
        • Canadian Navy >
          • HMCS Otttawa
          • HMCS Toronto
        • Provincial Government
        • Municipal >
          • Single use Straws
      • Voting in Canada >
        • Federal Election
        • Provincial Election 2018
        • Municipal Election 2018 >
          • Municipal Vote 2018
      • Famous Canadians
      • Citizenship >
        • Immigration
        • Refugees
    • Early Societies >
      • Ancient Inventions
      • Ancient Societies Art
      • Ancient China
      • Ancient Egypt >
        • Hatschepsut
        • King Tutankhamun
      • Ancient Greece >
        • Ancient Olympics >
          • Contemporary Olympics >
            • Jesse Owens
            • Adolf Hitler
            • Winter Olympics
      • Ancient India
      • Ancient Japan
      • Mesoamerica
      • Mesopotamia >
        • Ancient Palestine
        • Babylon
        • King Hummurabi's Code
      • Ancient Rome
      • Persia
      • Medieval Times >
        • Black Death
        • Castles >
          • Siege Weapons >
            • Punkin Chunkin
        • Knighthood
        • Heraldry
        • Medieval Times
    • Human Rights >
      • Housing >
        • Homelessness >
          • Homeless in Brantford >
            • Homeless Community Proposals
          • Ladybug Foundation >
            • Ladybugs
          • Homlessness an Integrated Unit >
            • Cardboard City
            • Tiny Houses for Homeless >
              • Hamilton, ON
              • New Page
            • Container Homes
            • Pipe Houses
          • Youth and Homelessness
          • Reserves
      • Human Rights for Indigenous People
    • Social Issues >
      • Foster Care >
        • Foster Care for Terminal Children
      • New Page
      • Shane Koyczan
    • War Throughout the Ages >
      • Canada's Role in WW I and WWII >
        • Animals in War >
          • Winnie
        • First Nations in the Wars >
          • Navajo Code Talkers
      • World Wars >
        • World War I >
          • Christmas 1914
          • Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae
          • The Poppy >
            • Poppy Lady
        • World War II >
          • Hitler and the Nazis >
            • Holocaust
            • Concentration Camps
        • Tanks
    • World >
      • Famous People
      • Australia >
        • Home of the Crocodile Hunter and Bindi Irwin
      • India
      • Japan
      • Famous Leaders and Peacemakers
  • Arts
    • Music >
      • Music with Meaning
      • Music with Mrs. Muir
      • Music Monday
      • Canadian Musicians >
        • Lennie Gallant
        • Logan Staats
        • Michael Mitchell
      • World Music >
        • Duck Song
        • 2 cellos
        • Alex Boye
        • Boney M
        • Lindsey Stirling
        • Piano Guys
      • Got Talent Contestants
      • Accapalla >
        • Nick Pitera
        • Pentatonix
    • Musical Theatre >
      • Chitty Chitty Bang Bang
      • Come From Away
      • H. R. PufnStuf >
        • Jack Wild
      • Incredible Mr. Limpet
      • Oliver Twist
      • Sound of Music >
        • The Real Story
      • Wicked
      • Wizard of Oz
    • Visual Arts >
      • Sea Glass
      • Local Artists >
        • Cole Talbot
      • Classroom Art >
        • Elements of Art >
          • colour
          • value
          • Illusions
        • Principles of Art
        • Holiday Crafts
      • Famous Works of Art
      • Famous Artists >
        • Maxfield Parrish
      • French Canada >
        • Pokemon Crafts
      • Stained Glass Windows
    • Dance
    • Dramatic Arts
  • Science Strands
    • Science >
      • Scientific Method >
        • Pumpkins >
          • How Many Seeds In A Pumpkin
        • Growing Creatures
        • Social Experiments
      • Understanding Matter and Energy >
        • Forces
        • Light >
          • Light
          • Light Bulb
          • Electricity
        • Sound >
          • Sound
          • Alexander Graham Bell >
            • Deafness
            • Blindness
            • Helen Keller
        • Fire Safety
      • Understanding Structures and Mechanisms >
        • Prosthetics >
          • Beauty
        • Simple Machines: pulleys and gears >
          • Gears
          • Pulleys
        • Forces Acting on Structures >
          • Weather >
            • Hurricanes >
              • Hurricanes
            • Floods
          • Plate Tectonics
        • Strong and Stable Structures >
          • Structures >
            • World Trade Center >
              • Tightrope Walkers
            • Eiffel Tower
            • CN Tower
            • Great Pyramid of Giza
            • Burj Khalifa
            • Leaning Tower of Pisa
            • Snowflakes
            • Stonehenge
            • New Page
            • Watercraft >
              • Great Lakes Shipwrecks >
                • Edmund Fitzgerald
      • Understanding Life Systems >
        • Importance of Water
        • Human Beings >
          • Human Organ System >
            • Nutrition
            • Cardiovascular System >
              • Heart Disease
            • Digestive System
            • Integumentary System >
              • Albinism
            • Lymphatic System
            • Nervous System >
              • Brain >
                • Left and Right Brain
              • Eyes
            • Respiratory System
            • Skeletal System >
              • Healthy Bones
              • Evel Knieval
              • Animal Skeletal System
            • Urinary >
              • Kidney Foundation
        • Growth and Changes in Plants >
          • Importance of Trees >
            • Deciduous and Coniferous Trees >
              • Apples
        • Habitats and Communities >
          • Bodies of Water >
            • Bodies of Water >
              • Pitch Lake
              • Coral Reefs
            • The Great Lakes
            • Oceans >
              • Atlantic Ocean
            • Ocean Garbage >
              • Great Pacific Garbage Patch >
                • Rubber Ducks
            • Importance of Water
            • water cycle
            • Water Quality on Reserves
            • Water Conservation
          • Wetlands
          • Deciduous Forest Habitat
        • Food Chains and Food Webs
        • Classification >
          • Animal Kingdom >
            • Invertebrates >
              • Bees
              • Dragonflies
              • Giant Squid
              • Spiders
            • Vertebrates >
              • Canadian Wildlife
              • Sharks >
                • The Great White Shark >
                  • Hilton
              • Mammals >
                • Bats
                • Bears >
                  • Spirit Bear
                  • Touching Spirit Bear
                • Mustelids
                • Sea Otter
                • Pangolin
                • Pigs >
                  • Pigs
                • Polecat
                • Rats
              • Birds >
                • Backyard Birds >
                  • Blue Jays
                  • Cardinal
                  • Owls
                  • Starling
                • Penguins >
                  • Emperor Penguins
                  • Penguins of Madagascar
                • Tundra Swans
          • Five Lined Skink
          • Turtles in Ontario >
            • Snapping Turtles
          • Sea Turtles
          • Beauty and the Beak
        • Plant Kingdom
      • Understanding Earth and Space Systems >
        • Soils in the Environment
        • Rocks and Minerals >
          • Rock Literature >
            • Rock, paper, scissors
          • Caves
          • Igneous rocks
          • Healing Crystals
          • Plate Tectonics
          • Rock Naming Ceremony
          • Rocks and Minerals in Canada >
            • Appalachian Mountains
            • Canadian Shield
          • Volcanoes
        • Mt. Kilimanjaro
      • Conservation of Energy and Resources
      • Scientists >
        • Bill Nye
        • Stephen Hawking
  • Mathematics
    • Bead Strings
    • Math Calendars >
      • Coordinates >
        • Chess
    • Word Problems
    • Number Sense and Numeration >
      • Number Sense
      • Valuing your place in Room 1 >
        • Place Value
      • Ways to write numbers
      • Addition
      • Subtraction
      • Multiplication and Division >
        • Multiplication
        • Division
      • Money >
        • A new face for $100
      • Fractions >
        • Fractions
      • Decimals
      • Rounding
    • Data Management and Probability >
      • Probability >
        • A Very Improbable Story
    • Measurement >
      • Angles >
        • What's Your Angle
      • Height
      • Time >
        • Daylight Savings Time
      • Temperature
      • Weight and Mass
      • Perimeter and Area >
        • Properties of a Circle
    • Patterning and Algebra
    • Geometry and Spatial Sense >
      • Symmetry
      • Tranformational Geometry
      • Polygons >
        • Triangles
        • Quadrilaterals
        • Math Nets
      • 3 D Figures >
        • Structures and Math
    • Logic Problems
    • Mathematicians >
      • Albert Einstein
  • Health
    • Bell's Palsy
    • Contact Comfort
    • Canada's Food Guide
    • Cancer >
      • New Page
      • Breast Cancer
      • Lung Cancer
      • Oral Cancer
      • Cancer in Young Canadians
      • Terry Fox
    • Dental Care and Oral Hygiene
    • Diabetes
    • Germs
    • Head Lice
    • Medicine >
      • New Page
    • Body Image
    • Obesity
    • Strokes
  • Indigenous Studies
    • Indigenous Statement
    • Giving Thanks
    • Community Circle/Sharing Circle
    • Iroquois Confederacy >
      • Haudenosaunee >
        • Clan System
        • Good Minds Stand Up
        • Turtle Island
        • Tree of Peace
        • Brother Eagle Sister Sky
        • Hiawatha and the Peacemaker
        • Dances
        • Six Nations Reserve >
          • Two Row Times
          • Tom Longboat
          • Dajoh Youth and Elder Center >
            • Local News >
              • Alapinta Muralisits
          • Midwinter Celebration
        • Oliver M. Smith Kawenni:io
    • Ojibwe
    • Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation
    • Residential Schools >
      • Truth and Reconciliation
      • Chanie Wenjack
      • Fatty Legs
      • I Am Not a Number
      • Stolen Words
      • Orange Shirt Day
    • Haida >
      • Bill Reid
    • Inuit
    • Indigenous Art >
      • Metis >
        • Sometimes I Feel Like a Fox
        • Louis Riel >
          • Louis Riel Day
    • Treaties
  • Welcome to grade 4
    • Agnes. G. Hodge
    • Our Classroom Community >
      • Messages from Miss Davies
      • A QUALITY Learning Environment >
        • Messages on Learning
        • Classroom Routines >
          • Lunchroom Expectations
          • Classroom Chaos
          • Classroom Nonnegotiables
        • Silence in the Classroom
      • 5 Day Schedule and Important Dates >
        • Dancing on Wednesdays
        • Day 1
        • Day 2
        • Day 3
        • Day 4
        • Day 5
      • Student Resources >
        • Graphic Organizers
      • Acts of Community >
        • Declan Cardin-Thompson
      • Wisdom from the Peacemaker
      • Special Days/Events >
        • Winter Wonderland
        • Child Abuse Month
        • Chinese New Year
        • Day of the Dead
        • Earth Day >
          • Earthy Creations
        • Easter
        • Halloween
        • Indigenous Day
        • International Day of Peace >
          • Peace Symbols
          • Peace Quotes
          • Peace Keepers
          • Peace Songs
        • Remembrance Day >
          • Indigenous Veterans Day
          • Pittance of Time Study
        • St. Patrick's Day
        • Thanksgiving
        • Valentine's Day
        • Women's History Month in Canada
        • World Down Syndrome Day
      • SWOT Problem solving
      • Leader of the Pack >
        • Learning Skills and Report Cards
        • Siberian Husky
        • Goal Setting
        • Compassion >
          • Gift of the Magi
        • Perserverance >
          • Perseverance Assembly
        • Responsibility >
          • Responsibility Assembly
        • Fairness
        • Sportsmanship
        • Trustworthiness >
          • Classroom Website Permission Form
        • Self Control
      • Learning Buddies
    • Paying It Forward >
      • Clothesline >
        • Integrated Lessons >
          • Math
        • Carson >
          • Toronto Blue Jays
          • What Carson Means to Us...
        • Diabetes
      • Food Banks
      • Good Shepherd of Hamilton
      • Kuamini >
        • Kenya
      • Mission Services
      • Salvation Army
      • A Million Possibilities: Solo Ocean Row 2017
      • Breakfast Program
      • Friendship House
    • Teacher Resources >
      • Teaching Math
    • Brantford: our home city >
      • Brantford Services >
        • Brantford Public Library
        • Brant Family and Children's Services >
          • Brant Family and Children's Services >
            • Child Abuse Prevention
        • New Page
        • Boys and Girls Club
  • Parent/Guardian Corner
    • Welcome Parents/Guardians
    • Grand Erie Board of Education >
      • Board Calendar
      • Building Better Schools
      • Multi Year Plan
    • EQAO >
      • EQAO Key Words
    • Questioning >
      • Q Tasks
    • School Events >
      • Arcade Day
      • Art Night
      • Fun Fair 2019
      • Media Spotlight
    • Parent Resources and Internet Sites
    • Field Trips >
      • Fall Fairs
      • Woodland Cultural Centre
  • Student Well-being
    • 7 Habits of Happy Kids
    • Bullying >
      • Don't Laugh at Me
      • Say Something
      • Pink Shirt Day
      • Devan Selvey: a tribute
    • Cherishable Moments
    • Desiderata
    • Growth Mindset >
      • Positive People to Learn From >
        • Reggie Bibbs
        • Lizzie Valesquez
        • Nick Vujicic
      • In the Classroom >
        • Mindset of a Master - YODA
        • Mindfulness and Mindful Moments
        • Power of Yet >
          • Class Dojo
      • Fruit of the Spirit
      • Gratitude
      • Positive Mental Attitude
      • power of Self Talk
      • Self Esteem
      • The Four Agreements
    • Hands-0n Club
    • Inspirational Quotes
    • Introversion and Extroversion
    • Learning Exceptionalities >
      • Accessibility for All
      • Autism >
        • Asperger Syndrome
      • Ignorance The "R" word
    • Training the brain to listen
    • Mental Health >
      • Be Well
      • Human Connection
    • Multiple Intelligences
    • Random Acts of Kindness
    • Relaxation >
      • Zentangle
      • Yoga
    • Self Regulation >
      • Choice or Reality Therapy
      • Incredible 5 Point Scale
      • Junior Kelso
      • Leaky Brakes Toolbox
      • Master of Mindfulness >
        • Mindfulness
      • Mind Up >
        • Mind Up Music in the Morning
        • The Brain
      • Social Thinking
      • Temper Tamer
      • Zones of Regulation
    • Sharing Circles
    • Value of Making Mistakes
    • Values.com
    • Wabi Sabi >
      • Mark Reibstein
  • Language Arts
    • Weekly Spelling Words >
      • Antonym, homonym, synonym >
        • Antonym
        • Homonyms
        • Synonyms
      • Daily Spelling Routine and Activities
      • Spelling Strategies
    • Parts of Speech >
      • Nouns >
        • Pronouns
        • New Page
        • Adjectives
      • Verbs >
        • Adverbs
    • Word Wonders >
      • Grammar
      • Punctuation
      • Word Pairs
    • Writing >
      • APE Strategy >
        • APE Strategy
      • Cursive Writing
      • Question Prompts
      • Literary Devices >
        • Idioms
      • Writing Organizers >
        • Systems Map
        • New Page
      • Writing Genres >
        • Informational Writing >
          • Biography
          • Mike on a BIke
        • Instructional Writing
        • Narrative >
          • Character Traits
        • Persuasive Writing
        • Writing Topics
    • Reading >
      • Authors >
        • Byrd Baylor
        • Michael Ian Black >
          • I'm Sad
          • I'm Bored
          • I'm Worried
        • Trudy Ludwig >
          • Trudy Ludwig
        • Jon J. Muth >
          • The Three Questions
        • Kathryn Otoshi >
          • Beautiful Hands
        • Margie Palatini >
          • Witch Trilogy
        • Patricia Polacco >
          • Thank you Mr. Falker
          • Junkyard Wonders
        • Peter H. Reynolds
        • Dr. Seuss >
          • The Lorax
        • The Man With a Violin
        • Wait! No Paint!
        • Kathy-Jo Wargin >
          • Legend of the Loon
          • Legend of the Petoskey Stone
          • Legend of teh Lady's Slipper
      • Canadian Authors >
        • Eric Walters
        • David Bouchard Novel Study
        • Alan Bradley
        • Mary M. Cushnie-Mansour >
          • Jesse's Secret
      • Reading Genres >
        • Folktales >
          • Fairy Tales >
            • Little Engine That Could
            • Princess and the Pea
            • Rumpelstilskin
        • Myths and Legends >
          • Myths >
            • Loch Ness
          • Legends
    • Language Arts and Music
    • Media Studies >
      • Addams Family
  • Integrated Units
    • Charlotte's Web Novel Study >
      • The Escape
      • New Page
    • I Am Enough
    • I'm Trying to Love Math
    • Jimmy and Ryan >
      • Importance on Wells
    • Miraculous Journey of Edvard Tulane
    • Mo Willem's Piggie and Elephant series >
      • Piggie and Gerald Welcome
    • Phantom Tollbooth
    • Shark Lady
    • Silverwing
    • Sir Cumference Series
    • Sunflower House
    • Teddy the war bear
    • We are Growing
    • Wonder
    • Inside Out
  • Social Studies
    • Black History Month >
      • Underground Railroad >
        • Henry Box Brown
        • Quilts
        • Harriet Tubman
        • The Birdman
        • January's Sparrow
        • Slavery in the 1800's
      • Martin Luther King Jr.
      • Jackie Robinson
      • Black Women in Canada >
        • Viola Desmond
      • Black Women in the the World >
        • Rosa Parks
        • Ruby Bridges
    • Canada >
      • Heritage Minutes
      • Landform Regions
      • Provinces >
        • Alberta >
          • Calgary >
            • Airdrie
        • British Columbia
        • Ontario
        • Prince Edward Island
      • Oh Canada
      • Symbols of Canada
      • Urban and Rural Canada >
        • New Page
      • Canadian History >
        • Canada 150 years >
          • Mapping
        • A People's History
        • Canada 1780 >
          • Pioneers >
            • Pier 21
      • Government of Canada >
        • Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
        • Governor General
        • Prime Minister Justin Trudeau >
          • Prime Ministers of Canada
        • Canadian Navy >
          • HMCS Otttawa
          • HMCS Toronto
        • Provincial Government
        • Municipal >
          • Single use Straws
      • Voting in Canada >
        • Federal Election
        • Provincial Election 2018
        • Municipal Election 2018 >
          • Municipal Vote 2018
      • Famous Canadians
      • Citizenship >
        • Immigration
        • Refugees
    • Early Societies >
      • Ancient Inventions
      • Ancient Societies Art
      • Ancient China
      • Ancient Egypt >
        • Hatschepsut
        • King Tutankhamun
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Wetlands
The Canadian Wetland Classification System
The Canadian Wetland Classification System (National Wetlands Working Group 1997) is based on a hierarchical system, which includes (1) wetland class, (2) wetland form and (3) wetland type. The five wetland "classes" are differentiated by their developmental characteristics and the environment in which they exist. The five classes are: bog, fen, marsh, swamp, and shallow water. Some wetlands accumulate peat (partially-decomposed organic matter) and are called peatlands. Bogs and fens are the dominant peatland classes in Alberta, although some swamps and marshes can also accumulate peat. In contrast, shallow open water wetlands and many marshes and swamps do not accumulate peat.
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Canadian wetland classification
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Swamps
A swamp is a wetland that is forested. Many swamps occur along large rivers where they are critically dependent upon natural water level fluctuations.

Canada has more wetlands than any other country.
  • Canada has about 1.5 million square kilometres of wetlands (1 495 591 square kilometres, actually).
  • That's about one-quarter of all of the world's wetlands.
  • Wetlands cover about 15% of Canada's land mass. That's nearly the size of Quebec.
swamps
a to z Swamps
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Swamps in Canada
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environment canada
cdn encyclopedia
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Beverly Swamp, Ontario
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The Beverly Swamp is 2324 hectares in size, of which Hamilton Conservation Authority owns 920.57 hectares.  The rest is in both private and public ownership. It spans three watersheds — Fairchild, Spencer and Bronte creeks — and offers one of the best and largest lowland swamp forest representations in south central Ontario.  Parts of it can be accessed by hiking the Lafarge 2000 Trail in the northwest end of the watershed.

This wetland is the source area for Spencer, Grindstone and Fairchild creeks and features a rich diversity of plant and animal life, including some that are rare to the Hamilton region.  The area functions as a natural sponge, maintaining hydrological balance over a large area and draining into both Lake Erie and Ontario.

Beverly swamp
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bill Nye wetlands
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Now study Yoda's habitat... what do you notice? Look Familiar?
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yoda's habitat page
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